天赋：Innatism is a philosophical doctrine that holds that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a 'blankslate' at birth, as early empiricists such as John Locke claimed. It asserts therefore that not all knowledge is obtained from experience and the senses.

Innatism refers to the philosophy of Plato and Descartes who assumed that innate ideas and principles are placed in the human mind by a God or an equivalent being or process.

我们每一个人出生时，都是人，不是猴子，不是其他的动物。人类从地猿算起，历尽艰辛与磨难，已经朝着现代人的方向演化了四百四十多万年。

地猿（Ardipithecus），人科中非常早期的一属，生存在440万年的上新世早期。地猿“阿迪”： 美国《科学》周刊封面，2009年度十大科学突破之首。

我们的胚胎里必然带着演化过程的印记。这就是柏拉图的“回忆说”或者“天赋说”的科学根据，这也是现代认知科学的话题。

Socrates begins one of the most influential dialogues of Western philosophy regarding the argument for inborn knowledge.By drawing geometric figures in the ground Socrates demonstrates that the slave is initially unaware of the length of side that must be used in order to double the area of a square with two-foot sides.The slave guesses first that the original side must be doubled in length (four feet), and when this proves too much, that it must be three feet.This is still too much, and the slave is at a loss.Socrates claims that before he got hold of him the slave (who has been picked at random from Meno‘s entourage) might have thought he could speak "well and fluently" on the subject of a square double the size of a given square .

Meno complains that the conversation of Socrates has the effect of a torpedo's shock upon him. When he talks with other persons he has plenty to say about virtue; in the presence of Socrates, his thoughts desert him.Socrates comments that this “numbing" he caused in the slave has done him no harm and has even benefited him.

美诺指责苏格拉底就像一个电鳐一样让人不爽，让人麻木。但这正是老苏的本意：让人震惊的同时也让人焕发出“理性”这一人类作为首席智慧动物的天赋。

Socrates then draws a second square figure using the diagonal of the original square. Each diagonal cuts each two foot square in half, yielding an area of two feet.

                                  The blue square is twice the areaof the original yellow square.

The square composed of four of the four interior triangular areas is eight feet, double that of the original area. He gets the slave to agree that this is twice the size of the original square and says that he has"spontaneously recovered"knowledge he knew from a past life  without having been taught. Socrates is satisfied that new beliefs were "newly aroused" in the slave.After witnessing the example with the slave boy, Meno tells Socrates that he thinks that Socrates is correct in his theory of recollection, to which Socrates replies,“I think I am. I shouldn’t like to take my oath on the whole story, but one thing I am ready to fight for as long as I can, in word and act—that is,that we shall be better, braver, and more active men if we believe it right to look for what we don’t know……”