Six Thinking Hats
Six Thinking Hats is a book by Edward de Bono which describes a tool for group discussion and individual thinking involving six colored hats. "Six Thinking Hats" and the associated idea parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more effectively.
The premise of the method is that the human brain thinks in a number of distinct ways which can be deliberately challenged, and hence planned for use in a structured way allowing one to develop tactics for thinking about particular issues. de Bono identifies six distinct directions in which the brain can be challenged. In each of these directions the brain will identify and bring into conscious thought certain aspects of issues being considered (e.g. gut instinct, pessimistic judgement, neutral facts). None of these directions are completely natural ways of thinking, but rather how some of us already represent the results of our thinking.
Since the hats do not represent natural modes of thinking, each hat must be used for a limited time only. Also, many will feel that using the hats is unnatural, uncomfortable or even counter productive and against their better judgement.
六顶思考帽是“创新思维学之父”爱德华·德·博诺(Edward deBono)博士开发的一种思维训练模式,或者说是一个全面思考问题的模型。它提供了“平行思维”的工具,避免将时间浪费在互相争执上。强调的是“能够成为什么”,而非 “本身是什么”,是寻求一条向前发展的路,而不是争论谁对谁错。运用德博诺的六顶思考帽,将会使混乱的思考变得更清晰,使团体中无意义的争论变成集思广益的创造,使每个人变得富有创造性。
六顶思考帽,是指使用六种不同颜色的帽子代表六种不同的思维模式。任何人都有能力使用以下六种基本思维模式:
白色思考帽
白色是中立而客观的。戴上白色思考帽,人们思考的是关注客观的事实和数据。
绿色思考帽
绿色代表茵茵芳草,象征勃勃生机。绿色思考帽寓意创造力和想象力。具有创造性思考、头脑风暴、求异思维等功能。
黄色思考帽
黄色代表价值与肯定。戴上黄色思考帽,人们从正面考虑问题,表达乐观的、满怀希望的、建设性的观点。
黑色思考帽
戴上黑色思考帽,人们可以运用否定、怀疑、质疑的看法,合乎逻辑的进行批判,尽情发表负面的意见,找出逻辑上的错误。
红色思考帽
红色是情感的色彩。戴上红色思考帽,人们可以表现自己的情绪,人们还可以表达直觉、感受、预感等方面的看法。
蓝色思考帽
蓝色思考帽负责控制和调节思维过程。负责控制各种思考帽的使用顺序,规划和管理整个思考过程,并负责做出结论。
下面是一个六顶思考帽在会议中的典型的应用步骤:
1、陈述问题(白帽);
2、提出解决问题的方案(绿帽);
3、评估该方案的优点(黄帽);
4、列举该方案的缺点(黑帽);
5、对该方案进行直觉判断(红帽);
6、总结陈述,做出决策(蓝帽)。

