After reading the passsage, please make a summary for it.

Chinese family education

1.Utopian expectation of children’s education

Chinese parents produce a great impact on children’s future. When a baby born in a Chinese family, his parents often design a future for him, no matter the child likes it or not. That is to say, Chinese parents would enforce their children living under the designed future instead of considering children’s feelings and abilities. “Just as Phierbaha says ‘Parents’ biggest false is they stand in their position and interfere children’s nature development.’”[5]P24 In China, we can find the following scenes easily: Parents take their children to various kinds of lessons after school. Children would be punished if they didn’t get a good mark in examinations.

2.the aims of family education

Chinese family education’s aim is to train the child into a talent, who has a bright future. A bright future means to get a good job and to lead a simple life all their life time. First, this aim is high and full of utility. It is hard to achieve, because “having a bright future” is not an ordinary aim. Because of the aim, Chinese parents especially concern about children’s study achievements. Their only requirement is that their children can concentrate all the attentions on study. At the same time, they ignore their children’s extraordinary abilities, damage their imaginations. At the end, parents would kill the talents before the children become qualified persons. Although Chinese children study very hard, and get good achievements. They lack of abilities to suit this society. Sometimes, parents’ expectation would come to nothing.

3.the methods of family education

First, children have less right to speak, that is to say, Chinese parents require their children to obey the rules, and have few different ideas. As the American president Nixon said “The task of Chinese education system is to train children into a person who is docile, completely listen to elder generation. In this way, they lose Chinese Darwin and Einstein.”

Second, Chinese children have limited right to choose and most of them would like to do things according to parents’ willingness.

Third, Chinese parents always appear with a image of authority so their status are higher than their children at home.

Fourth, Chinese parents always destroy children’s rights of privacy. For example , their school bags are searched; diaries are peeked.

Fifth, they ignore the importance of practical training, instead they pay attention to preaching. The requirement to children is study. All the things, including what the children can do by themselves, are done by their parents. It is the reason why Chinese children learn a lot of knowledge but can hardly do anything when they enter the society.

Last, they lack of outdoor exercises because Chinese children have endless homework. They live under the pressure of a lot of examinations. At the same time, they can’t find a good place to do outdoor exercises.

4. Harmful types of family education

4.1 A utocratic type of family education

In some Chinese families, parents require their children should do whatever they want their children do. If the children didn’t do as their order, they will scold the children, even worse, they will punish the children. “A questionnaire of 300 students in a middle school shows: Ninety percent of the students had been punished!”  They can’t bear that children did’t obey them. They restrict their children. They check their children’s cellphone.

4.2 Indulgent type of family education

Parents’ love is very important for the psychology development of teenagers. However, in modern China, a child is probably the only child in a family, and parents give too much love to the child. It leads to a situation that the child can’t live without their parents. They seldom run into troubles because their parents had already solved the problem for them before they meet the problem. This kind of children can’t get along with other people very well. They consider themselves as the most important ones. Even worse, they may not have enough independent ability to live in the society without their parents’ help. When they go to society, they will feel depressed. “In a investigation of 4000 youth criminals, 16.3% of them receive this kind of family education. ”

4.3 Careless type of family education

It usually refers to parents who lack of responsibility to take care of their children. Young parents are working hard to make money. They don’t have enough time to get along with their children. According to a survey, the children whose parents are individual entrepreneur, taxi driver or labor contractor, break the law easily. The main reason is the parents mentioned above, who have few time at home. Even they are at home, they seldom put their hearts on their children. They simply think if they provides a good living condition for their children, who will become a talent. This type of family education is dangerous. Children’s thought is not mature enough to judge all the things in a right way. It is easy for children to choose the wrong way to go.

4.4 Changeable type of family education

The children had been influenced greatly by this type of family education. For parents, the way to present this kind of education is self-contradictory. In other words, one parent is severe, another indulgent. Or the same behavior, is allowed today, but is forbidden tomorrow. A great number of research proved that children’s behaviors have a close connection with the changeable type of family education when they are young.

5. Bringing up by elder generation show more disadvantages

Bringing up by elder generation means more chance to spoil the children. The popular situation is that children raised by grand-parents. In this way, there are more disadvantages than advantages. Grand-parents used the traditional view to teach their grand-sons or grand-daughters. The result of this will destroy the children. 

Western family education

Generally speaking, in western families, “parents mainly use an equal way to educate their children. They respect children’s personality and rights. Children, in the family, are treated as independent individuals. Parents and children are equal.” By comparison, Chinese family education’s methods lack of equality. Chinese parents don’t treat their children on the same level as themslves. Instead, parents stand for the elder generation and the children stand for younger generation.

The aims of family education

Western family education’s aims are to train the child into a social man, who can deal with all kinds of events and own independent ability. It is not a high expectation. “Social man” is not an utopia idea, but a requirement which is practical and easy to achieve. So western parents have a relaxed attitude to educate their children. They are good at finding out the active parts from their children’s individuality. And the children can find their value from family education. In fact, this kind of education can achieve good results. According to this aim, they can train their children’s independent ability. Let’s see western children in different periods. When they are still a baby, they sleep alone; When they can walk by themselves, they seldom ask parents for help; When they grow up, they own their rooms and they should clean the rooms by themselves; They do what they can do from childhood to make money. For example, they do house cleaning, be a baby sitter, send newspapers; When they go to senior middle school or university, they do part-time jobs to make money for the cost of living.

Western parents advocate the open education:

First, they pay attention to practical training, emphasis on training children in practice instead of preaching. In American’s opinion, if the children can do the work, let them do it.Through the process of doing the work, they can improve their recognition of things, accumulate experiences, master skills, enhance capacities, develop hobbies and consolidate self-confidence and responsibility. We can say, western parents give the key of the door to children instead of opening the door for the children.

Second, western parents think play and game are very important. They think play is the most important thing when children are young. In western, children take part in all kinds of activities, do a lot of outdoor exercises. There are a lot of good places for them to do exercises. On the weekend, parents go out for tour with children. In the process of playing, the children develop their intelligence, such as imagination, judgement, communication with other people and emotion adjusting and so on..

Western family education methods present in four aspects:

First, children have their right to speak, in other words, they can show their opinions on family affairs. western parents inspire their children to say what they want to say .

Second, western children have right to choose, when the children start to show their ability to cognize things, they would like the children to choose by themselves. The children can choose games, books, friends, jobs and so on.Western parents wouldn’t put their opinions on their children. Most of the time, their role is to lead the children to choose, or they only stand behind the children, to give them confidence.

Third, western parents can make friends with their children, they can communicate on the base of equality.

Fourth, western parents respect children’s rights of privacy.

Generally speaking, western children show distinguishing features when they are very young. For example, they show great enthusiasm, keep calm when they run into troubles, get on well with other people, have great power and are full of new ideas, strong independent ability and social ability. Because they are independent from parents when they are 18, they are full of more confidence and courage. Further more, they should do part-time jobs to meet their needs of money. Having the idea of suiting market economy, they take part in money management, at the same time, they learn how to promote sales and communicate with customers. They realize money is not easily earned by all these kinds of practice. Thus, they get into a habit of thrift. In a word, the outstanding characteristics of western children are their great abilities and the adaption to the society smoothly.

Problems of western family education

1. Indulgent type of family education

Different from Chinese family education, westerners indulgent type of family education had more harmful effection. Because over indulgent, it made a lot of social problems.Such as, teenage crime. In radio or TV, we sometimes can get a information that a 15-year-old boy shot his friend in the middle school.

2. lack of communication

Westerners think that every member in a family, he or she should had his or her own space. In their opinions, they can''t interfere each other even they are in a family. And when a person is 18 years old, he may leave his parents. It means his has little time to stay with their parents. So they has less resbosibility to their parents. But, in Chinese people’eyes, it’s no a good idea to leave their parents. It may lose the chances to communicate with each other.

3. pay too much attention on happy learning

Westerners take happy learning serious. But, in fact, happy learning is good when children are young. Only pay attention to happy, parents may find that children’s learning levels are declined. For example, some students who get used to happy learning, can’t calculate without calculator.