1. 了解口头英语与书面英语的区别

2. 掌握重点词汇及短语的用法

3. 掌握明喻、暗喻、混喻等修辞手法

4. 熟悉本文的写作特点

1. 通过课前查阅资料对英语发展史有初步了解

2. 通过预习熟悉文章的主题思想、语篇结构

3. 通过教师具体讲解深入理解课文内容，掌握重要词汇、词组及句式的用法

4. 重点掌握simile、metaphor修辞方法

5. 通过练习、作业、实践和测验巩固所学知识

1. Background Information

1) English pubs

Pub is contracted from the public house—known as the pub or the local. It is the center of social life for a large number of people (especially men) in Britain. English pubs are places for meeting friends and for entertainment. English Pubs offer a wide variety of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, providing (in increasing numbers) hot and cold food, providing television sets, amusement machines and facilities for playing darts, billiards, dominoes and similar games, even employing musicians for evening entertainment, such as piano playing, folk singing and modern jazz.

2) The King’s English:

It is a variety of English, supposedly correct or standard English (esp. British English) as to grammar and pronunciation. It is so-called from the notion of royal sanction (approval; acceptance). When the ruling monarch is a queen, it is also called “the Queen’s English.”

2. Text Analysis

This is a piece of expository writing. The theme is stated at the very beginning of the text: “Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.” In order to highlight the theme, the author deliberately organizes the text loosely, which can be seen from the choice of the title, the abrupt transition and some seemingly irrelevant topics. Meanwhile, the author uses the informal words and expressions.

3. Structure of the Text

The text is divided into four parts:

Part1 (paragraph1 to 3): putting forward the thesis;

Part2 (paragraph 4 to 11): examples to support the thesis;

Part3 (paragraph 12 to 19): more digressions from the main topic;

Part4 (paragraph 20 to 21): conclusion.

4. Key words and expressions

intricate, indulge in, meander, make a/one’s point, of its own, on the rocks, get out of bed on the wrong side, delve, desultorily, alchemy, press on one’s mind, tart, churl, be on wings, out of snobbery, rift, turn up one’s nose at, into the shoes of, barrier, tussle, come into one’s own, racial discrimination, pejoratively, rebel, harden, sinister.

5. Analysis of Rhetorical Devices

hyperbole, simile, metaphor, mixed metaphor

6. Writing Techniques

1) informal words and expressions to emphasize the informality of conversation: on the rocks, get up on the wrong side of the bed, into the shoes of, turn up one’s nose at sth. sit up, be on wings

2) loose organization to highlight the charm of conversation: the choice of the title, the abrupt transition (e.g. Para. 5), some seemingly irrelevant topics (e.g. the discussion of the King’s English, love of dictionary, etc.)

3) exemplification: example to show the charm and art of conversation: e.g. the discussion of the definition and history of the King’s English

Paraphrase:

1. And it is an activity only of humans.

2. Conversation is not for making a point.

3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

4. English had come royally into its own.

5. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.

Key:

1. And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.

2. Conversation s not for persuasion others to accept our ideas or point of view.

3. In fact, a person who is good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.

4. The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.

5. Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard, formal English all the time in their conversation.

教学模拟：介绍英语发展历程

要求：使用PPT辅助陈述，时间不少于8分钟；就陈述内容设定2~3个问题，陈述结束后随机选择班级中的同学予以回答。

Written work:

In what ways is “pub talk” connected with “the King’s English”? Is the title of the piece well chosen?

Key:

The King’s English is connected with “pub talk” when the writer describes the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the King’s English” to illustrate his point that bar conversation in a pub has a charm of its own.

No, the title of this piece is not well chosen. It misleads the readers into thinking that the writer is going to demonstrate some intrinsic or linguistic relationship between pub talk and the King’s English. Whereas the writer, in reality, is just discoursing on what make good conversation. The write does this on purpose in order to show the features of bar conversation (i,e. the informality & loose organization )

Analysis of the writing skills in the following text

Don’t Work for Money

The world is filled with smart, talented, educated and gifted people. We meet them every day. A few days ago, my car was not running well. I pulled it into a garage and the young mechanic had it fixed in just a few minutes. He knew what was wrong by simply listening to the engine. I was amazed. The sad truth is great talent is not enough.

I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn. I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than $100,000 a year. A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many doctors, dentists and chiropractors struggle financially. All this time, I thought that when they graduated, the dollars would pour in. It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase, “They are one skill away from great wealth.” What this phrase means is that most people need only to learn and master one more skill and their income would jump exponentially. I have mentioned before that financial intelligence is a synergy of accounting, investing, marketing and law. Combine those four technical skills and making money with money is easier. When it comes to money, the only skill most people know is to work hard.

When I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in 1969, my educated dad was happy. Standard Oil of California had hired me for its oil-tanker fleet. I had a great career ahead of me, yet I resigned after six months with the company and joined the Marine Corps to learn how to fly. My educated dad was devastated. Rich dad congratulated me.

Job security meant everything to my educated dad. Learning meant everything to my rich dad. Educated dad thought I went to school to learn to be a ship’s officer. Rich dad knew that I went to school to study international trade. So as a student, I made cargo runs, navigating large freighters, oil tankers and passenger ships to the Far East and the South Pacific. While most of my classmates, including Mike, were partying at their fraternity houses, I was studying trade, people and cultures in Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Korea and the Philippines. I also was partying, but it was not in any frat house. I grew up rapidly.

There is an old cliché that goes, “Job is an acronym for ‘Just Over Broke.’” And unfortunately, I would say that the saying applies to millions of people. Because school does not think financial intelligence is intelligence, most workers “live within their means.” They work and they pay the bills. Instead I recommend to young people to seek work for what they will learn, more than what they will earn. Look down the road at what skills they want to acquire before choosing a specific profession and before getting trapped in the “Rat Race”. Once people are trapped in the lifelong process of bill paying, they become like those little hamsters running around in those little metal wheels. Their little furry legs are spinning furiously, the wheel is turning furiously, but come tomorrow morning, they’ll still be in the same cage: great job.

When I ask the classes I teach, “How many of you can cook a better hamburger than McDonald’s?” almost all the students raise their hands. I then ask, “So if most of you can cook a better hamburger, how come McDonald’s makes more money than you?” The answer is obvious: McDonald’s is excellent at business systems. The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems. The world is filled with talented poor people. All too often, they’re poor or struggle financially or earn less than they are capable of, not because of what they know but because of what they do not know. They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.

Key:

1. Use concise and varied sentences with a variety of structures to emphasize the important ideas so that the reader can spot the writer’s intentions.

2. Comparison and contrast are used to lend a fresh insight into something familiar, thus helping the readers to make a judgment and reach a conclusion.

3. The use of figures of speech makes something imaginatively striking.

What makes good conversation? What spoils it?

Key:

A good conversation does not really start from anywhere, besides no one has any idea where it will go. A good conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, however, the purpose of the argument is not to convince. When people become serious and talk as though they have something very important so say, when they argue to convince or to win their point, the conversation is spoilt.