1. Writing techniques: characterization                 

2. Rhetorical devices: 1) transferred epithet; 2) euphemism; 3) onomatopoeia

3. Stylistic features: 1) Effective use of adjectives; 2) Slangy and ungrammatical expressions;

Translate the following sentences.

1.公爵夫人知道只有设法让自己镇定下来，她才有时间与奥格尔维周旋并让他最终同意自己的想法。

2.妈妈生气地看了汤姆一眼；凭直觉，汤姆知道这次自己把宝押错了。

Key:

1. The Duchess was well aware that, when she managed to keep a tight rein on her mind, she could get round to coping with Ogilvie and persuading him to comply with her requirement.

2. Mum shot him a wrathful glance and Tom knew on a hunch that he had gambled on the wrong side this time.

Rewrite the following sentences by using euphemism.

1. He has three good friends: one is a mailman, another fireman and the third policeman.

2. His father died last week and is going to be buried next Sunday.

3. The lunar calendar in 1995 is symbolized by the pig.

Key:

1. He has three good friends: one is a letter carrier, another firefighter and the third police officer.

2. His father passed away last week and is going to be laid to rest next Sunday.

3. The lunar calendar in 1995 is symbolized by the boar.

论文题目：英语委婉语的历史及其构造方式

作者：邓海、王红霞

摘要：英语委婉语在英语中为数不少，是其重要的组成部分。它们在人们表达思想，交流信息中起到了“润滑剂”的作用。“如果没有委婉语，世界的运转就会因摩擦而停止，人与人之间将充满仇怨”。（Enright，1985：13）在本文中，笔者首先从历时的角度简述了英语委婉语的发展历史，然后主要从语义和语音两个方面讨论了英语委婉语的构造方式。