1. Writing skills: 1) typical British English; 2) colloquial expressions; 3) appealing to emotions; 4) elliptical sentences

2. Rhetorical devices: 1) metaphor; 2) simile; 3) personification; 4) metonymy; 5) euphemism

3. Stylistic features: 1) part argument and part exposition; 2) informal style; 3) loosely organized structure

Identify the rhetorical devices in the following sentences.

1. Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.

2. Greece was the cradle of Western culture.

3. All the plants in the cold country are turning green in this smiling year.

4. For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade

Key:

1. simile 2. metaphor 3. synecdoche 4. hyperbole

Read the following passage and explain what method is used to develop the central idea.

They made a robot in the shape of a dragonfly and named it Ranger VII, thereby expressing their hope that it would range the face of the moon. Fro eyes, they gave it camera lenses, and taught it how to photograph by blinking the shutters. Near the place where its nose should have been, they put a radio antenna like a saucer, and taught the robot how to send pictures back through the saucer to the earth. When all this was done, they folded the dragonfly’s wings, set the mechanical insect on top of a rocket, and fired the rocket into orbit around the earth. Finally they shot the robot out of the orbit, told it to unfold its wings, and pointed it onto a curving path across 243,665 miles of sky. The path ended in a dry lunar lake-bed that hadn’t been thought important enough to be named.

Key:

The method of development used in this paragraph is that of analogy.

Analogies are used to explain the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar. They are used to explain unfamiliar ideas or describe unfamiliar things in point-by-point comparison with something the reader is familiar with. In some ways, of course, analogies are simple similes or metaphors that have been stretched out. For instance, in this paragraph the writer creates a graphic verbal picture of an unfamiliar object, Ranger VII, by drawing an analogy with the familiar dragonfly.

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作者：李克； 李淑康

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