水工图的绘制 Drawing of hydraulic drawings

绘制水工图的一般步骤和方法如下：

(1)了解工程建筑物的概况，设计的主要参数，结构的特点。

(2)根据建筑物的结构特点，确定视图表达方案。

     尽管水工建筑物类型众多，形式各异，其主体结构的图示方法有一定的规律和习惯；常见的过水建筑物(水间、涵洞、船闻等)，一般以纵剖视图、平面图、上下游立面图表达;大坝、水电站、码头等建筑物，一般以平面布置图、上下游(正)立面图、典型断面图表达。分部结构和结构细部主要以剖视图或断面图表达，其剖切方法和视图数量视结构情况和复杂程度而定。对于抄绘图样练习，应先读懂图样，了解该建筑物的结构构成、表达特点、视图配置方法，设想、比较不同表达方法的优劣。

(3)选择适当的绘图比例布置图面。

(4)绘制各视图底稿，先画主体结构定位线，再画结构线，一般可以先不考虑线型，都以细实线表示。

(5)检查，修改后按图线的线型、粗细要求加深，画出剖视图中的材料符和其他图例、符号。

(6)标注尺寸，注写文字标题栏等。

      The general steps and methods of drawing hydraulic drawings are as follows: 

(1) to understand the general situation of engineering buildings, main parameters of design, structural characteristics;

 (2) to determine the view expression scheme according to the structural characteristics of buildings.

The common over-water buildings (culverts between the water, ships, etc.)are generally expressed in the elevation drawings of the upstream and downstream of the longitudinal view plan.

Hydropower station dam pier buildings, such as general arrangement plan to upstream and downstream (is) elevation characteristic expression profile division structure and structural details mainly expressed in a section or the section, the number of cutting methods and views depending on the structure and complexity for sample copy drawing practice, should first read pattern, determine the characteristics of structure form expression of the building view configuration method, idea of advantages and disadvantages for the methods of comparing different expression 

(3) select the appropriate proportion of drawing layout drawings;

(4) draw the draft of each view, first draw the main structure positioning line, and then draw the structure line. Generally, the line type is not considered first, and it is represented by fine solid lines;

(5) check, and after modification, deepen according to the line thickness requirements of the line line;

(6)Dimension, caption, etc.