内容
Content
6.3 The Romantic Novels
6.3.1 Walter Scott
1. Life
2. Poems
3. Novels
6.3.2 Jane Austen
1. Life
2. Novels
3. Pride and Prejudice & Emma
Module 6 Unit 3 Novelists in the Romantic Age PPT 图片来源
1.Walter Scott 2
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2.Walter Scott 3
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3.Walter Scott 7
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4.Walter Scott 8
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5.Walter Scott 9
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6.Walter Scott 10
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7.Walter Scott 11
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8.Walter Scott 12
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9.Jane Austen
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10.Jane Austen 3
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11.Jane Austen 5(1)
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12.Jane Austen 5 (2)
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13.Jane Austen 6
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14.Jane Austen 7
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15.Jane Austen 8
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16.Jane Austen 9
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17.Jane Austen 12
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18.Jane Austen 13
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讲义
I. Walter Scott
Generally speaking, Walter Scott was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, poet, translator, editor and critic, popular throughout much of the world during his time. He is considered as the first major European historical novelist.
Life
He was born in Edinburgh in 1771, the tenth child of a fairly prosperous family. His grandfather was a professor of physiology in the University of Edinburgh and his father was a successful solicitor.
In 1783, he entered the University of Edinburgh . But as a result of illness he withdrew from the university in 1786 without taking a degree.
In 1786, Scott was indentured to his father for five years to train as a solicitor.
In 1789 he returned to university where he studied moral philosophy under Professor Dugald Stewart who introduced Scott to the joys of literature.
Scott did not take university examinations and did not formally graduate. His main objective was to qualify as an advocate, and in 1792 he passed the Scots law examination of the Faculty of Advocates.
In 1797, he married Margaret Charlotte Carpenter.
In 1799 Scott became the new sheriff-depute of Selkirkshire . He continued to work as an advocate but he still wanted to be a writer and he eventually published the three volumes of poetry, which made him famous and successful .
He refused the offer of poet laureate in 1813 but was created a baronet in 1820.
His publishing ventures went bankrupt in 1826, leaving him a debt of £114,000. So he worked tirelessly to pay off his creditors through writing.
Scott suffered three strokes and died in 1832.
Though he was most remembered as a famous novelist in the Romantic Age, Scott achieved eminence first in poetry. His first narrative poem, The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805), brought him huge popularity.
Following this success, he wrote a series of romantic narrative poems, which included The Lady of the Lake (1810) and The Lord of the Isles (1815).
His declining popularity as a poet, in part caused by the competition of Lord Byron, led him to turn to the novel.
Works
Famous novels by Walter Scott include Ivanhoe , Rob Roy , Waverley , The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor .
Interestingly, Scott's historical novels may be divided into three main groups which coincided with the three periods in his creative career:
The first period is the history of Scotland: The representative work is The Heart of Midlothian . It reproduced the dramatic episodes of the uprising of the Edinburgh citizens against the English authority in the 18 th century.
The second period is English history, and the representative work is Ivanhoe , which is about the struggle of Anglo-Saxon peasantry against their oppressors, the Norman lords, in the last part of the 12th century.
The following excerpt comes from Ivanhoe .
Upon hearing the sound of feet approaching, the watch instantly gave the alarm, and the sleepers as suddenly started up and bent their bows. Six arrows placed on the string were pointed towards the quarter from which the travellers approached, when their guide, being recognised, was welcomed with every token of respect and attachment, and all signs and fears of a rough reception at once subsided.
听到行近的脚步声，岗哨立刻发出了警告，躺着的人一下子站了起来，拿起了弓箭。六支箭搭上弓弦，瞄准了来人的方向，但当他们认出向导以后，立刻变得欢欣鼓舞，用又恭敬又热情的态度迎接他；这样，担心遭到粗暴接待的一切疑虑，顿时烟消云散了。
The third period is European history, and the representative work is Quentin Durward . It is a story between the absolutist monarch Louis XI of France and the adventurous Scottish archer Quentin Durward.
Generally speaking, in his portraits of Scotland, England and the Continent from medieval times to the 18th century, Scott showed a keen sense of political and traditional forces and of their influence on the individual.
Features of the historical novels by Walter Scott
The historical novels by Scott are featured in the following aspects:
First, Scott generally chose important moments in history as turning points in the fate of people and nations.
Second, for Scott, the individual characters are important not for their own sake, but for the roles they play in the historical development of society. Frequently the chief figures in his novels are only minor historical personages who are vividly portrayed.
Third, Scott's novels invariably contain fascinating and at the same time complicated stories, the construction of which shows his unusual skill. Scott is also a master of lively and spontaneous dialogue.
The works of Walter Scott have world-wide significance and their influence has been felt in the literature of all European countries and of the United States.
II. Jane Austen
Jane Austen was an English novelist whose works of romantic fiction , earned her a place as one of the most widely read writers in English literature . Her realism and biting social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics.
Life
Jane Austen was born in 1775 in the village of Steventon , Hampshire , England.
She was educated mainly at home and never lived apart from her family. She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading. The reading that she did of the books in her father's extensive library provided material for the short satirical sketches she wrote as a girl.
As a young woman Jane enjoyed dancing and she attended balls in many of the great houses of the neighbourhood. She loved the country, enjoyed long country walks, and had many Hampshire friends.
It was also at this time that, while on holiday in the West country, Jane fell in love, and when the young man died, she was deeply upset.
Later she accepted a proposal of marriage from Harris Bigg-Wither, a wealthy landowner and brother to some of her closest friends, but she changed her mind the next morning and was greatly upset by the whole episode. Austen remained single all her life.
She died in 1817 at the age of 41.
Works and writing style
Jane Austen was a major English novelist. Her brilliantly witty, elegantly structured satirical fiction marked the transition in English literature from 18th-century neoclassicism to 19th-century romanticism.
Jane Austen's six complete adult novels were written in two distinct periods.
In her first period from 1796 to 1798, she wrote Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), and Northanger Abbey (1818); these novels did not find a publisher for several years after their composition.
Austen's second period of productivity began in 1811 after the publication of Sense and Sensibility .
She produced in quick succession her last three novels: Mansfield Park (1814), Emma (1816), and Persuasion (1818).
The works of Jane Austen were very different in style from the romanticism favored by her contemporaries.
With trenchant observation and in meticulous detail, she presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English people.
Even the most minor characters are vividly particularized in Austen's lucid style.
Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.
Pride and Prejudice and Emma have generally been considered as the two most important of Austen's novels and have been the most widely read.
Pride and Prejudice (1813) satirized the attitudes of the rural middle and upper-middle classes.
Austen centered her story on the Bennett daughters: Elizabeth, Jane, and Lydia.
Elizabeth, a spirited girl, is “prejudiced” against the wealthy
Landowner, Fitzwilliam Darcy, scorning his lofty attitudes and “pride”.
Emma is a maturer work than Pride and Prejudice and her other novels and contain sharper and more direct social criticism.
The following excerpt is the beginning of the novel Pride and Prejudice . Let's enjoy it.
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。这样的单身汉，每逢新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何、见解如何，可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心目中根深蒂固，因此人们总是把他看作自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。
Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice begins with the proposition “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” In fact, it soon becomes clear that Austen means the opposite: women (or their mothers) are always in search of, and desperately on the lookout for, a rich single man to make a husband. The irony deepens as the story promotes this romance and ends in a double marriage proposal.
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