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1 知识内容
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2 作业
内容
知识点 1 Alfred Tennyson
知识点 2 Robert Browning
知识点 3 Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Module 7-unit 3 Poetry in Victorian Age PPT 图片来源
1. Alfred Tennyson 1.
http://www.flickr.com
2. Alfred Tennyson 2.
http://Poetryloverspage.com
3. Alfred Tennyson 3.
http://www.nipic.com
4. In Memoriam
http://www.youlu.net
5. Robert Browning 1.
http://commons.wikimedia.org
6. Robert Browning 2.
http://gerald-massey.org.uk
7. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 1.
http://opioids.com
8. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 2.
http://en.wikipedia.org
9. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 3.
http://Gutenberg.orgen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org
讲义
Alfred Tennyson, one of the finest and most moving of lyric poets in English literature.
Alfred Tennyson was born in 1809 in Lincolnshire , the fourth son in a family of twelve children.
Tennyson's father was a clergyman; his mother was peculiarly gentle and benevolent.
In 1827 he went to Cambridge University where he began to show his talent in poetry.
In 1831 the death of his father made him left Cambridge without taking a degree.
In 1833 his best friend Arthur Hallam suddenly died, which had a profound impact upon Tennyson and later inspired several masterpieces in poetry.
In 1836 he went to live near London .
After the death of Wordsworth, Tennyson was appointed poet laureate in 1850.
In the same year Tennyson married Emily Sellwood whom he had known from childhood and they had two sons.
Tennyson died in 1892, at the age of 83.
Tennyson was greatly influenced by John Keats and other Romantic poets , which was reflected through the richness of his imagery and descriptive writing. In much of his later works there was a marked change from his earlier elaborate decorativeness to a style of vigorous strength.
No poet combined more harmoniously classic perfection and romantic feeling than Tennyson.
(1) He used a wide range of subject matter as source material for his poetry.
(2) His appreciation for beauty, especially color, was acute;
(3) His command of poetic phraseology was unsurpassed;
(4) His descriptions were magnificently beautiful, often with much detail and great accuracy;
(5) His melody was often the perfection of sweetness.
(6) And the ideas of his poetry were noble and clear.
He also handled rhythm masterfully as illustrated in the lines of “Come down O maid from yonder mountain height” with the combination of onomatopoeia , alliteration and assonance :
but come; for all the vales
Await thee; azure pillars of the hearth
Arise to thee; the children call, and I
Thy shepherd pipe, and sweet is every sound
Sweeter thy voice but every sound is sweet;
Myriads of rivulets hurrying thro' the lawn
The moan of doves in immemorial elms
And murmuring of innumerable bees.
来吧，所有山谷
都等待你；蓝色炊烟升腾；
孩子们欢呼；我吹响牧笛；
这乐音甜美，你的歌更美，
所有的声音都多么甜美；
千万条小溪穿流过草原，
古老的榆树上白鸽低吟，
无数的蜜蜂在低吟歌唱。
Tennyson wrote lyrics, ballads, descriptive poems, idylls, long narratives, dramas, meditative poems and so on. In almost all these forms he produced numerous masterpieces.
The early death of his university friend Arthur Hallam left a deep impression on him. His best poems are concerned with him: the very short elegiac poem Break, Break, Break and the long poem In Memoriam . In Memoriam is the most important of Tennyson's longer poems, which took 17 years for him to complete. And the following are a few lines of the poem Break, Break, Break . Let's enjoy it.
Break, break, break,
On thy cold gray stones, O sea!
And I would that my tongue could utter
The thoughts that arise in me.
Ulysses was another poem written by Tennyson. It was first published in 1842, but was composed not long after Arthur Hallam's death in 1833.
This striking poem not only shows Tennyson in his mood of great courage, but also reflects the unrest and the common aspiration of the period.
The poem is in the form of a dramatic monologue of Ulysses , whose story is taken from Dante's Inferno.
Ulysses is written in regular blank verse or unrhymed iambic pentameter.
The following is the excerpt from Ulysses.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down:
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Tho' much is taken, much abides; and tho'
We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are;
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.
也许深渊会把我们吞噬，
也许我们将到达琼岛乐土，
与老朋友阿喀琉斯会晤。
尽管已达到的多，未知的也多啊，
虽然我们的力量已不如当初，
已远非昔日移天动地的雄姿，
但我们仍是我们，英雄的心
尽管被时间消磨，被命运削弱，
奋斗、探索、寻求，而不屈服。
Robert Browning as a great poet of the Victorian age he is almost equally well-known as Tennyson in England and elsewhere,.
He was born in 1812, the first child and only son in the family. Robert was an impulsive, fearless little boy.
He was also a prodigy, writing poems and reading Homer at a very young age. He learned many languages and devoured many books beyond his age.
At 16, Robert began attending the newly-formed London University . But he stayed there for only over a year.
By the time he was 20, he was convinced that he would be a great poet.
In 1845 he married Elizabeth Barrett with whom he had a son. The couple settled in Florence , Italy .
After the death of his wife, he fully devoted himself to poetry and gained great success.
He received two honorary degrees and produced many works.
He died in 1889.
His main works include
Pippa Passes
Men and Women
Dramatis Personae
The Ring and the Book
My last Duchess
Instead of being eclectic and elaborated, Robert Browning's style is highly individual and more intent on meaning than on form. His works are noted for:
dramatic monologue and subtle psychological analysis,
easy movements of lyrics,
abrupt broken phrasing,
remote references,
unusual rhythm,
and sarcasm with subtle humor.
The following is taken from his poem “My Last Duchess”, in which dramatic monologues full of rich undertones and subtle humor are effectively used.
That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's hands
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.
墙上的这幅画是我的前 公爵 夫人，
看起来 她就像活着一样。
如今我称它为奇迹：潘道夫师的手笔
经一日忙碌，从此，她就在此站立。
In the poem, this feudal ruler who had ruthlessly put to death his first wife was negotiating with an envoy from a certain count for the hand of the count's daughter.
Robert Browning was a poet of much importance and influence in his own day, and his best works rank high in the historical development of English poetry.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, an English poetess, political thinker, and feminist.
Elizabeth Browning was born in 1806 of a well-to-do family.
She was an accomplished child, who, in her teen years, had started to read classic works by W. Shakespeare, John Milton, and other writers. She was self-taught in almost every respect. And she started writing poetry at an early age.
In 1844 Barrett produced a volume of poems so highly regarded that in 1850, when William Wordsworth died, she was suggested as his successor as England 's poet laureate.
In 1845 English poet Robert Browning began to write to Elizabeth to praise her poetry. Their correspondence developed into a romance that was bitterly opposed by her father.
In 1846 the couple eloped, settling in Florence , Italy . All her life she suffered from poor health and she died at the age of 55.
Elizabeth Browning has been known chiefly for her sonnet-sequence, “Sonnets from the Portuguese”, love poems dedicated to her husband Robert Browning. Her works also include:
Aurora Leigh
Songs before Congress
The Cry of the Children
Elizabeth Browning wrote poems dedicated to humanitarian themes, love, religion, and Italy .
Her technique was uncertain, and she never freed herself from her characteristic faults of vagueness and unrestraint. But the sympathy with noble causes, the elevation and ardor of her moods of personal emotion, and the distinction of her utterance at its best far outweighed her technical limitations. She showed her strenuousness and optimism, and she spoke always from the feminine point. Her characteristic note was that of intimate, personal feeling.
Sonnet 43 (How do I love thee?)
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
我是怎样的爱你？诉不尽万语千言：
我爱你的程度是那样地高深和广远，
恰似我的灵魂曾飞到了九天与黄泉，
去探索人生的奥妙，和神灵的恩典。
无论是白昼还是夜晚，我爱你不息，
像我每日必需的摄生食物不能间断。
我纯洁地爱你，不为奉承吹捧迷惑，
我勇敢地爱你，如同为正义而奋争！
爱你，以昔日的剧痛和童年的忠诚，
爱你，以眼泪、笑声及全部的生命。
要是没有你，我的心就失去了圣贤，
要是没有你，我的心就失去了激情。
假如上帝愿意，请为我作主和见证：
在我死后，我必将爱你更深，更深！
This famous excerpt comes from Elizabeth Barrett Browning's collection, Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850).
Elizabeth Browning based the sonnets on her love for her husband, the poet Robert Browning, and presented the collection to him as a gift.
No female poet was held in higher esteem among cultured readers in both the United States and England than Elizabeth Barrett Browning during the nineteenth century. Barrett's poetry had an immense impact on the works of Emily Dickinson who admired her as a woman of achievement.
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扩展学习
Appreciate the poems of the Brownings.
