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The Original Work
Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen,first published in 1813. The story charts the emotional development of theprotagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, who learns the error ofmaking hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between thesuperficial and the essential. The comedy of the writing lies in the depictionof manners, education,and marriage and money in the BritishRegency.
Mr Bennet of the Longbourne estate has 5 daughters,but his property is entailed meaning that none of the girls can inherit it.Having married a woman who had no fortune, it is imperative that one of thegirls marries well in order to support the others on his death. However, JaneAusten’s opening line “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single manin possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife” is a sentence filledwith irony and playfulness. The novel revolves around the necessity of marryingfor love, not simply for mercenary reasons despite the social pressures to makea good wealthy match.
Pride and Prejudice, like most of Austen’s other works,employs the narrative technique of free indirect speech, which has beendefined as “the free representation of a character’s speech, by which onemeans, not words actually spoken by a character, but the words that typify thecharacter’s thoughts, or the way the character would think or speak, if shethought or spoke”. Austen creates her characters with fully developedpersonalities and unique voices. Though Darcy and Bennet are very alike, theyare also considerably different.
By using narrative that adopts the tone and vocabularyof a particular character (in this case, Elizabeth),Austen invites the reader to follow events from Elizabeth’s viewpoint, sharing her prejudicesand misapprehensions. “The learning curve, while undergone by bothprotagonists, is disclosed to us solely through Elizabeth’spoint of view and her free indirect speech is essential ... for it isthrough it that we remain caught, if not stuck, within Elizabeth’s misprisions.” The few timesthe reader is allowed to gain further knowledge of another character’sfeelings, is through the letters exchanged in this novel. Darcy’s first letterto Elizabeth isan example of this as through his letter, the reader and Elizabeth are bothgiven knowledge of Wickham’s true character.
Austen is known to use irony throughout the novelespecially from viewpoint of the character of Elizabeth Bennet. She conveys the“oppressive rules of feminity that actually dominate her life and work, and arecovered by her beautifully carved Trojan horse of ironic distance.” Beginningwith a historical investigation of the development of a particular literaryform and then transitioning into empirical verifications, it reveals FID as atool that emerged over time as practical means for addressing the physicaldistinctness of minds. Seen in this way, FID is a distinctly literary responseto an environmental concern, providing a scientific justification that does notreduce literature to a mechanical extension of biology, but takes its value tobe its own original form.
Pride and Prejudice retains the fascination of modernreaders, consistently appearing near the top of lists of “most-loved books”among both literary scholars and the general public.It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copiessold, and paved the way for many archetypes that abound in modernliterature. Continuing interest in the book has resulted in a number ofdramatic adaptations and an abundance of novels and stories imitating Austen’smemorable characters or themes.
The Film Adaptation
Pride& Prejudice is a2005 British-American romanticdrama directed by Joe Wright andbased on Jane Austen’s 1813 novel of the same name. The film depicts fivesisters from an English family of landed gentry asthey deal with issues of marriage, morality and misconceptions. KeiraKnightley stars in the lead role of ElizabethBennet, while MatthewMacfadyen plays her romantic interest Mr Darcy.Produced by Working Title Films in associationwith Studio Canal, the film was released on 16thSeptember 2005 in the
Screenwriter DeborahMoggach initially attempted to make her script as faithful tothe novel as possible, writing from Elizabeth’sperspective while preserving much of the original dialogue. Wright, who wasdirecting his first feature film, encouraged greater deviation from the text,including changing the dynamics within the Bennet family. Wright and Moggachset the film in an earlier period and avoided depicting a “perfectly cleanRegency world”, presenting instead a “muddy hem version” of the time. It wasshot entirely on location in
The film’s themes emphasize realism,romanticism and family. It was marketed to a younger, mainstream audience;promotional items noted that it came from the producers of 2001’s romanticcomedy Bridget Jones’s Diary beforeacknowledging its provenance as an Austen novel. Pride & Prejudice earned a worldwide gross ofapproximately $121 million, which was considered a commercial success. Pride & Prejudice earned arating of 82% from review aggregator Metacritic,labeling it universally acclaimed. It earned four nominations at the 78th Academy Awards, including a Best Actress nominationfor Knightley. Austen scholars have opined that Wright’s work created a newhybrid genre by blending traditional traits of the heritage film with“youth-oriented filmmaking techniques”.
Pride& Prejudice impactedlater productions in the costume drama and heritage film genres. Literarycritics protested that Wright’s adaptation effectively “popularized Austen’scelebrated romance and brought her novel to the screen as an easy visual readfor an undemanding mainstream audience.” Carole Dole noted that the film’ssuccess “only made it more likely that future adaptations of Austen willfeature, if not necessarily mud, then at least youthful and market-testedperformers and youth-oriented filmmaking techniques balanced with the visual pleasuresof the heritage film.” She cited Anne Hathaway inthe 2007 film Becoming Jane asan example. Jessica Durgan added that Pride & Prejudice conceived a new hybrid genre byrejecting the visual cues of the heritage film, which attracted “youth andmainstream audiences without alienating the majority of heritage fans.”
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