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Background Information
The Patriot was released by Columbia Pictures Corporation in 2000. It’s a super Hollywood film depicting the historic War of Independence. The story mainly took place in rural York County, South Carolina, telling about how Benjamin Martin and his fellowmen took up arms to fight against the British for freedom and independence.Benjamin Martin is a composite (合成的) figure basedon four real American Revolutionary War heroes: Andrew Pickens, Francis Marion,Daniel Morgan and Thomas Sumter.
The American Warof Independence (1775 — 1783)
With the growthof the colonies, England imposed (课税) more and moretaxes upon the colonial people in order to take more profits out of the colonies. However, the colonial people began to think and talk about their own rights and rose to oppose the strict policies.
At the suggestion of Virginia and Massachusetts (弗吉尼亚州和马萨诸塞州), a meeting involving forty-five members representing all the colonies except Georgia (NewHampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania,New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) (除佐治亚州以外的12个州:新罕布什尔州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州、康涅狄格州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、新泽西州、特拉华州、马里兰州、弗吉尼亚州、北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州), was held inPhiladelphia (费城) in September1774, known in American history as the First Continental Congress (第一次大陆会议). At the sametime, some of the colonies began to collect arms and ammunition (弹药), to have theirmilitia trained and to organize a number of “minute men” (准备随时接受征召的民兵).
On April 19th,1775, a small battle took place between the British soldiers (the Red Coats)and the militia men in Lexington and Concord near Boston (波士顿附近的列克星敦和康科德), generallyconsidered as the prelude (序曲) of theAmerican War of Independence.
In May 1775, theSecond Continental Congress gathered in Philadelphia. The Congress decided totake charge of the minute men around Boston and to appoint George Washington (乔治-华盛顿) as commander.On June 17th, 1775, a fierce battle took place at Bunker Hill (邦克山) near Boston.The Continental Army lost the ground but the British army suffered a greatloss.
On July 4th,1776, the Declaration of Independence (独立宣言) was acceptedby the Congress. July 4th has been observed as National Day of the UnitedStates ever since.
For many monthsafter independence was declared, Continentals (大陆军) sufferedrepeated setbacks. The turning point of the war occurred in September and October1777 — an Americanmilitia won a big victory at Saratoga (萨拉托加大捷).
After theoutbreak of the war, America sent Benjamin Franklin (本杰明•富兰克林) to Europe toget help from other countries. France agreed to take part in the war againstEngland. Finally in 1781, with the help of the French navy, the Americans won a decisive victory at Yorktown in Virginia (弗吉尼亚州约克镇). The English commander Cornwallis surrendered and the war, which had lasted more than sixyears, was over.
Peacenegotiation (和谈) began in 1782.The final peace treaty was signed in Paris and went into effect in 1783. It acknowledged the independence, freedom and sovereignty (主权) of the 13 states.
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