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The Original Work
OliverTwist, or The Parish Boy’s Progress, is the secondnovel by English author CharlesDickens and was first published as a serial 1837--1839. The leadingrepresentative of critical realism in 19th Century Charles Dickenswrites a classical story of a young orphan boy who gets involved with a gang ofpickpockets in 19th Century London.Abandoned at an early age, Oliver Twist is forced to live in a workhouse lordedover by the awful Mr. Bumble, who cheats the boys of their meager rations.Desperate yet determined, Oliver makes his escape to the streets of London. Penniless andalone, he is lured into a world of crime by the sinister Fagin----themastermind of a gang of pint-sized pickpockets. Oliver’s rescue by the kindly Mr. Brownlow is only the beginning of a series of adventures that lead him tothe promise of a better life.
OliverTwist is notable forits unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, aswell as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19thcentury. The alternate title, TheParish Boy’s Progress, alludes to Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress, as well as the18th-century caricature series by WilliamHogarth, A Rake’s Progress and A Harlot’s Progress.
In this early example of the social novel,Dickens satirizes the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, therecruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. Thenovel may have been inspired by the story of RobertBlincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in acotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens’s ownyouthful experiences contributed as well.
The Film Adaptation
OliverTwist has been thesubject of numerous adaptations for various media, including a highlysuccessful musical play, Oliver,and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture.Disney also put its spin on the novel with the movie called Oliver and Company in 1988.
In OliverTwist (2005 film) by Polanski, a bonus feature on the DVD release of thefilm, Roman Polanski discusses his decision to make yet another screenadaptation of the Dickens novel. Following The Pianist, he was anxious to make a filmhis children could enjoy. He realized nearly forty years had passedsince Oliver Twist had been adapted for a feature film and felt itwas time for a new version. Screenwriter Ronald Harwood, with whom he hadcollaborated on The Pianist, welcomed the opportunity to work on the firstDickens project in his career.
For authenticity, all scenes featuringpickpocket skills were choreographed by stage pickpocket James Freedman and magician MartynRowland. The film was shot in Prague, Beroun,and Žatec inthe Czech Republic.
Like David Lean in the 1948 film version and the writersof the stage musical Oliver!,Polanski and Harwood entirely omitted the Maylie family from their film. Likethe musical, but unlike Lean, they also omitted Monks, as well as the entire subplot of aconspiracy to defraud Oliver of the inheritance money that his father left him.Oliver now has no origin, but is an anonymous orphan like the rest of Fagin’sgang. To fill up the gap left by the absence of Monks and the Maylies, the filmcreates a subplot wherein Fagin’s intentions toward Oliver become murderous andhe plots with Sikes to actually kill the boy, which never happens in the novel.
The film received generally positivereviews. A.O.Scott of The New York Times called it a“bracingly old-fashioned” film that “does not embalm its source with fussyreverence” but “rediscovers its true and enduring vitality.” He added, “thelook of the movie... is consistent with its interpretation of Dickens’sworldview, which could be plenty grim but which never succumbed to despair.There is just enough light, enough grace, and enough beauty, to penetrate thegloom and suggest the possibility of redemption. The script... is at onceefficient and ornate, capturing Dickens’s narrative dexterity and his ear forthe idioms of English speech.”
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