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The Original Work
The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novelwritten by English author and scholar J. R. R.Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien’s 1937 fantasynovel The Hobbit,but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best-selling novels ever written, withover 150 million copies sold.
The title of the novel refers to the story’smain antagonist,the Dark Lord Sauron,who had in an earlier age created the One Ring to rule theother Rings of Power as the ultimate weapon in his campaign toconquer and rule all of Middle-earth. From quiet beginnings in the Shire, a hobbit landnot unlike the English countryside, the story ranges across Middle-earth,following the course of the War of theRing through the eyes of its characters, not only thehobbits Frodo Baggins, Samwise “Sam”Gamgee, Meriadoc “Merry” Brandybuck and Peregrin“Pippin” Took, but also the hobbits’ chief allies and travelling companions:the Men Aragorn son of Arathorn, a Ranger of the North, and Boromir, aCaptain of Gondor; Gimli son of Glóin, a Dwarf warrior; LegolasGreenleaf, an Elven prince; and Gandalf,a Wizard.
The work was initially intended by Tolkien to be onevolume of a two-volume set, the other to be The Silmarillion,but this idea was dismissed by his publisher. For economicreasons, The Lord of the Rings was published in three volumes overthe course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955. The threevolumes were titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The TwoTowersand The Return of the King. Structurally, thenovel is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with severalappendices of background material included at the end. Some editions combinethe entire work into a single volume. The Lord of the Rings has sincebeen reprinted numerous times and translated into 38 languages.
Tolkien’s work has been the subject of extensive analysis of its themes andorigins. Although a major work in itself, the story was only the last movement ofa larger epic Tolkien had worked on since 1917, in a process he describedas mythopoeia.Influences on this earlier work, and on the story of The Lord of the Rings, include philology, mythology, religion andthe author’s distaste for the effects of industrialization, as well as earlierfantasy works and Tolkien’s experiences in World War I. Theseinspirations and themes have often been denied by Tolkien himself. TheLord of the Rings in its turn is considered to have had a great effect onmodern fantasy; the impact of Tolkien’s works is such that the use of the words“Tolkienian” and “Tolkienesque” have been recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary.
The enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references inpopular culture, the founding of many societies by fans of Tolkien’s works, andthe publication of many books about Tolkien and his works. The Lord of the Rings has inspired,and continues to inspire, artwork, music, films and television, videogames, and subsequent literature. Award-winning adaptations of The Lord of theRings have been made for radio, theatre, and film. In 2003, itwas named
附中文:魔戒系列小说与改编电影关系图
The Film Adaptation
The Lord of the Rings is a high fantasy adventure film directedby Peter Jackson. It is based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R.Tolkien. The film is subtitled TheFellowship of the Ring and was distributed by New LineCinema.
Considered to be one of the biggest andmost ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281million (some sources say $310-$330 million), the entire project tookeight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously andentirely in New Zealand, Jackson’s native country. Each film inthe series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year aftertheir respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book’s generalstoryline, they do omit some of the novel’s plot elements and include someadditions to and deviations from the source material.
Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth,the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood)as he and a Fellowship embark ona quest to destroy the One Ring, and thus ensure the destruction of its maker, theDark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker).The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest together withhis loyal companion Sam and the treacherous Gollum.Meanwhile, Aragorn,heir in exile to the throne of Gondor,Legolas, Gimli, Merry, and Pippin, and the wizard Gandalfunite to rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth inthe War of the Ring.
The film was received with overwhelmingpraise and was a major financial success, with the film collectivelybeing among thehighest-grossing film of all time. The film was critically acclaimedand heavilyawarded, winning 13 out of 30 total Academy Award nominations.The film received wide praise for its innovative special and visual effects.
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